Computer architecture means construction/design of a computer. A computer system may be organized in different ways. Some computer systems have single processor and others have multiprocessors. So bas...

A computer system consists of various hardware components. Each component plays a specific role in computer system. These components are interconnected to each other in such a way so that the computer...

In early computer systems, the user did not interact directly with the computer system. The data and programs were first prepared on the input media such as punched cards or punched tape. The data and...

The most important task of operating system is to manage and monitor different processes executing in the computer. Generally, a program in execution is called process....

Registers are the most important components of CPU. Each register performs a specific function. A brief description of most important CPU's registers and their functions are given below:...

Trap and Interrupt are signals generated by software and hardware respectively. They break down the normal execution of the program. A brief description of trap and interrupt is given below....

Operating system is the most important system software. It is a collection of system software and is stored on the storage device such as hard disk, CD-ROM, floppy disk (or in ROM). When a computer is...

The real-time operating system is designed to support executions of programs within strict time limits. The real-time system requires the correct results within the specified time period....

Single user operating' system allows a single user to access the computer at a time. This type of operating system is mostly used on computers having single processor such as PCs. In single user opera...

A database is an integrated collection of computer data, organized and stored in a manner that facilitates easy retrieval. Two primary goals of the database are to minimize data redundancy and to achi...

A path through which information is transmitted from one place to another is called communication channel. It is also referred to as communication medium or link. The twisted pair wire, coaxial cable,...

All machine based communications must follow certain set of rules for exchange of data between nodes connected to a network. The rules to send and receive data are called protocols. These rules are de...

The way in which data is transmitted from one place to another is called data transmission mode. It is also called the data communication mode. It indicates the direction of flow of information. Somet...

The processing of converting the raw material into finished goods requires some processing. Same way, to convert the data into information, the processing of the data is processing. Data is important ...

Network architecture means design of computers, devices and media in a network. The computer network can be designed using different ways. The most popular network architectures are described below....

An electronic device in the form of chip or circuit board that controls functioning of the I/O device is called the device controller or I/O Controller or adopter. The operating system directly deals ...

Communication means the exchange of information or messages. The process of transferring data from one location to another is called Data Communication. In this process, data is transmitted electronic...

Information is the data which have been processed into a form which is meaning full to the recipient and which is of real or perceived value for the intended purpose which, as for as the management is...