Basic Hydraulic System Design

Author: nishaidhijames | Posted: 04.07.2012

Hydraulic system is a type of transmission system in which hydraulic pressure is used to drive the hydraulic machinery. Hydrostatic is the term that is used to denote the transfer of energy from flow and pressure. There is no function of kinetic energy here. If you see the basic hydraulic system design you can see that it consists of three major parts. Those parts are – a generator, which is a hydraulic pump with an electric motor that drives the hydraulic pump and combustion engine or windmill. The other parts of a hydraulic system are piping, filters, and valves etc. that guide and control the system and a hydraulic motor or cylinder that drives the machinery. A hydraulic system is based on the principal of Pascal’s law of the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure that states "pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure ratio (initial difference) remains the same."

Hydraulic systems can be seen in many types of machinery as hydraulic energy is more dynamic and powerful than that of kinetic energy. Hence the big cranes, bulldoggers, pay loaders and other heavy machineries work under the principal of hydraulic system. Let us have a look at the hydraulic circuit in a basic hydraulic system design. The hydraulic fluid must flow to the actuator and/or motor and again must return to the reservoir. The fluid is reusable as it is filtered and re-pumped. This to and fro motion of the hydraulic fluid is called as hydraulic circuit. There are several types of hydraulic circuits that can be seen in hydraulic system design. One of the circuits is Open center circuit, which is meant for continuous flow of the fluid. The other one is closed center circuit that supplies full pressure to the control valves.

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